Questions tagged [legacy-protocol]

Questions about the legacy protocol (which was switched off in Mainnet on April 28, 2021). It used ternary message encoding and Winternitz one-time signatures.

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1 answer
180 views

IOTA "C" version (CClient) and feasibility of signing transactions on ESP32?

An article recently has been published entitled "Running the IOTA "CClient" library on ESP32" (>>>Link to Article<<<). It is not clear to me if by using this C version of IOTA is ...
1 vote
1 answer
177 views

Client libraries available for Flutter/Dart?

Probably not typically needed for an IoT device, but a general app that uses the Iota ledger might be on a mobile device, and the Flutter framework seems pretty handy (I like how it can output iOS and ...
1 vote
1 answer
161 views

Transfer from Multisig into normal address

I am following the example described here: https://github.com/iotaledger/iota.lib.java/blob/master/jota/src/test/java/jota/IotaMultisigTest.java I put funds into a multisig. Now I want to move that ...
1 vote
1 answer
157 views

How can I fork MAM channel?

This https://blog.iota.org/introducing-masked-authenticated-messaging-e55c1822d50e says that any channel can be splitting. Also this https://medium.com/coinmonks/iota-mam-eloquently-explained-...
2 votes
2 answers
197 views

Receiving JSON messages from ZMQ feed using an IRI fullnode

I am trying to use ZMQ feeds to monitor IRI nodes and addresses, but I am having trouble obtaining the "Message" in text and/or JSON. I am using this code: let zmq = require('zeromq') let sock = zmq....
5 votes
2 answers
163 views

Why is the Coordinator necessary if its confirmations will be rejected by other nodes if it acts maliciously?

It has been said many times that the Coordinator is not necessary because its confirmations will be rejected by other nodes if it acts maliciously. It follows that if other nodes can tell if the ...
0 votes
1 answer
144 views

How to publish messages using MAM to my private tangle?

I have a private tangle with 2 hornet nodes. I tried MAM using one of the devnet nodes by following the example on the official IOTA webpage. Can someone please tell me how do I publish and fetch ...
0 votes
1 answer
130 views

Making An Offline Transaction At The NodeJS Console

I am making an offline wallet web app to use with my open source airgapped encrypted device - the PrivateKeyVault. The web app will be modeled after this one which is seen used in this video. The ...
4 votes
4 answers
149 views

Will every IoT device will have their own wallet, own seed?

Will every IoT device will have their own wallet with their own seed, or how is this planned? What if every IoT device will have their own seed and so we run out of seeds? Is this possible? What if ...
54 votes
2 answers
5k views

Why does IOTA use a ternary number system?

What are the benefits of the ternary number system over the more traditional binary number system? Are there drawbacks to ternary with respect to binary, aside from the obvious of less adoption?
8 votes
2 answers
1k views

What is JINN project?

I would like to know more about the JINN project. What is JINN? Why is it important to Iota? Where can I get more information about JINN?
5 votes
1 answer
1k views

If I increment the first tryte of Seed A to obtain Seed B, why does Seed B retain some of the spent addresses of Seed A in it's history?

According to this video when you take a Seed A (e.g. HIJK99) and increment the first tryte by one to obtain another Seed B (i.e. IIJK99), Seed B is associated to the transactions to Seed A.
5 votes
2 answers
92 views

How much of my security is improved using other levels of security when generating the seed?

I had a hard time answering this question because I do not know how much security levels improve security in quantitative terms. Is this right? e.g. (Hashspace increment) 81 trits => 27^81 ^1 (low ...
7 votes
1 answer
703 views

What are the maths to convert bytes <-> trytes?

I've heard that one byte contains as much data as "about 5 trits". However, I'm not entirely clear on how the conversion works. How do I convert binary data into balanced ternary (and vice versa)? ...
4 votes
1 answer
482 views

Where is the message in the transaction bundle?

I am working with the nodeJS lib. I made a transaction with an address, amount, message and tag as inferred from api.prototype.prepareTransfers in the JSlib. Then I looked up that transaction with api....
3 votes
1 answer
114 views

When did iota devs adopt ternary over binary?

I read the Nov 30 posting , which was great. Just not clear when project became so aligned to ternary.
6 votes
2 answers
505 views

Why are three trits in a tryte?

What was the motivation behind making a tryte equal to three trits? Seems counter-intuitive that a byte contains more combinations than a tryte—at least from a semantical perspective.
3 votes
2 answers
1k views

Why is JINN Ternary?

I was just learning about skrmions and could not help but realize that they could produce a ternary state computer. But why is JINN in ternary? What are the benefits of this in the current current or ...
18 votes
1 answer
2k views

Why were 4-byte integers chosen as the best way of storing individual trits within IOTA software?

update: Since this was posted, on Jun 11, an issue was opened by one of the IOTA Foundation developers to look into how to make the storage of trits use less memory. Although moving to a byte[] is not ...
9 votes
1 answer
130 views

Why does the least significant trit come first?

What is the reason that the least significant trit is at the very left in the IOTA ternary implementation when all other numbering systems have it at the very right? For T = -1: (dec)8 is T01 instead ...
2 votes
1 answer
110 views

Converting bytes to trites using IOTA libraries

Most IOTA libraries (at least C#, and Java) have a Converter, that has a getTrits method. public static void GetTrits( sbyte[] bytes, int[] trits ) It has two arrays as parameters. The input,...
1 vote
1 answer
60 views

What is the state tracking approach in IOTA IRI?

It is important to keep track of the state, e.g., in order to perform verification of transactions. While it is possible to reconstruct the most updated state by starting from the initial state and ...
3 votes
1 answer
85 views

Can a smart contract make calls (e.g. web service calls) to outside of the network?

Will IOTA smart contracts be able to make calls to external web services or other APIs, or is it too early to tell?
3 votes
1 answer
849 views

What smart contract language does IOTA use?

What smart contract language does IOTA use? Solidity?
6 votes
2 answers
300 views

What are the differences between Qubic smart contracts and Ethereum smart contracts?

I would like to know the differences between Qubic smart contracts and Ethereum smart contracts (for example: Turing-completeness, oracle-like behaviors...).
5 votes
2 answers
480 views

Decentralized milestone issuance scheme?

I decided to preserve the original post in a pastebin for reference but the edits here address pretty much everything i think. Here is the link to the original post. There is also a link to a fresh ...
4 votes
2 answers
371 views

What is Qubic exactly? A programming language? An IOTA Smart Contract?

According to this blog entry : IOTA does not “natively” support smart contracts. The IOTA Foundation has publicly stated, that smart contracts will not be a feature of the IOTA core but ...
4 votes
1 answer
299 views

What is a conflicting transaction?

The term is used many times on the whitepaper but I can't find a definition. What would be examples of a conflicting transaction? Extract form Whitepaper: The main idea of the tangle is the ...
1 vote
1 answer
69 views

How to save the bundle trytes to reattach after a snapshot? [closed]

How to save the bundle trytes to reattach it after a snapshot? How to do this using the JavaScript library?
0 votes
2 answers
142 views

toTrytes() does not work

I'm always getting this error without understanding why. TypeError: Cannot read property 'toTrytes' of undefined Code: // Require the use of IOTA library const Iota = require('@iota/core') // ...
10 votes
1 answer
980 views

Why is the normalized hash considered insecure when containing the char 'M'

Looking at the code of the iota.lib.js' bundle creation mechanism, a normalized hash is computed and then checked for inclusion of 13 /* = M */. If one is found, the obsoleteTag is incremented, and ...
9 votes
1 answer
313 views

How are addresses calculated from the seed?

I was wondering how addresses are calculated from the seed. Specifically, I thought it was using the hash of the seed plus a nonce to create the address. But I would appreciate if someone could shed a ...
25 votes
1 answer
2k views

Is it possible to send pictures to the Tangle? What is the data limit per transaction?

As we all know, it is easily possible to convert ASCII to trytes. See this converter in the IOTA github: Converter If I now want to convert a whole picture like one of the Iota logo to trytes, how is ...
22 votes
3 answers
2k views

What is an IOTA "bundle"?

The IOTASear.ch tangle explorer allows searching for addresses, transactions and bundles. While the meaning of addresses and transactions seem clear to me, I am not aware of the purpose of bundles. ...
10 votes
8 answers
555 views

A receive address is made public for donations, how do I safely withdraw funds?

I have a receive address that I have given out to other people, both for payments and donations; After transferring the funds to a new address, someone has donated to the previous address. How can I ...
14 votes
1 answer
1k views

What is the IOTA transaction data structure?

I'm vaguely familiar with Bitcoin's UTXO-based transaction structure and Ethereum's account-based/gas-including transaction structure. What does an IOTA transaction contain?
13 votes
3 answers
1k views

What information is leaked if I reuse an address?

Everyone knows that spending from an address multiple times is bad, because Winternitz OTS. But, what does that mean, exactly? What information is leaked in each signature, and how would an attacker ...
1 vote
2 answers
107 views

How is IOTA´s transaction hash determined?

Ive been looking through documentation and articles but couldnt really find anything about it. I assume its the hash of all concatenated attributes? I am not talking about the bundle hash. And a ...