Questions tagged [legacy-protocol]

Questions about the legacy protocol (which was switched off in Mainnet on April 28, 2021). It used ternary message encoding and Winternitz one-time signatures.

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What is the state tracking approach in IOTA IRI?

It is important to keep track of the state, e.g., in order to perform verification of transactions. While it is possible to reconstruct the most updated state by starting from the initial state and ...
MHT's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
159 views

How to publish messages using MAM to my private tangle?

I have a private tangle with 2 hornet nodes. I tried MAM using one of the devnet nodes by following the example on the official IOTA webpage. Can someone please tell me how do I publish and fetch ...
Pranav's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
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Client libraries available for Flutter/Dart?

Probably not typically needed for an IoT device, but a general app that uses the Iota ledger might be on a mobile device, and the Flutter framework seems pretty handy (I like how it can output iOS and ...
gkd720's user avatar
  • 111
2 votes
2 answers
208 views

Receiving JSON messages from ZMQ feed using an IRI fullnode

I am trying to use ZMQ feeds to monitor IRI nodes and addresses, but I am having trouble obtaining the "Message" in text and/or JSON. I am using this code: let zmq = require('zeromq') let sock = zmq....
W. Churchill's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
109 views

How is IOTA´s transaction hash determined?

Ive been looking through documentation and articles but couldnt really find anything about it. I assume its the hash of all concatenated attributes? I am not talking about the bundle hash. And a ...
Ruben's user avatar
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1 answer
190 views

IOTA "C" version (CClient) and feasibility of signing transactions on ESP32?

An article recently has been published entitled "Running the IOTA "CClient" library on ESP32" (>>>Link to Article<<<). It is not clear to me if by using this C version of IOTA is ...
Questioner's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
141 views

Making An Offline Transaction At The NodeJS Console

I am making an offline wallet web app to use with my open source airgapped encrypted device - the PrivateKeyVault. The web app will be modeled after this one which is seen used in this video. The ...
John Shearing's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
164 views

How can I fork MAM channel?

This https://blog.iota.org/introducing-masked-authenticated-messaging-e55c1822d50e says that any channel can be splitting. Also this https://medium.com/coinmonks/iota-mam-eloquently-explained-...
wss-world's user avatar
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0 votes
2 answers
145 views

toTrytes() does not work

I'm always getting this error without understanding why. TypeError: Cannot read property 'toTrytes' of undefined Code: // Require the use of IOTA library const Iota = require('@iota/core') // ...
Mo G.'s user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
115 views

Converting bytes to trites using IOTA libraries

Most IOTA libraries (at least C#, and Java) have a Converter, that has a getTrits method. public static void GetTrits( sbyte[] bytes, int[] trits ) It has two arrays as parameters. The input,...
mike's user avatar
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5 votes
2 answers
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Why is the Coordinator necessary if its confirmations will be rejected by other nodes if it acts maliciously?

It has been said many times that the Coordinator is not necessary because its confirmations will be rejected by other nodes if it acts maliciously. It follows that if other nodes can tell if the ...
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4 votes
2 answers
379 views

What is Qubic exactly? A programming language? An IOTA Smart Contract?

According to this blog entry : IOTA does not “natively” support smart contracts. The IOTA Foundation has publicly stated, that smart contracts will not be a feature of the IOTA core but ...
Questioner's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
483 views

Decentralized milestone issuance scheme?

I decided to preserve the original post in a pastebin for reference but the edits here address pretty much everything i think. Here is the link to the original post. There is also a link to a fresh ...
Johnny Milkshakes's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
132 views

Why does the least significant trit come first?

What is the reason that the least significant trit is at the very left in the IOTA ternary implementation when all other numbering systems have it at the very right? For T = -1: (dec)8 is T01 instead ...
TorstenW's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
303 views

What are the differences between Qubic smart contracts and Ethereum smart contracts?

I would like to know the differences between Qubic smart contracts and Ethereum smart contracts (for example: Turing-completeness, oracle-like behaviors...).
Bayequentist's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
167 views

Transfer from Multisig into normal address

I am following the example described here: https://github.com/iotaledger/iota.lib.java/blob/master/jota/src/test/java/jota/IotaMultisigTest.java I put funds into a multisig. Now I want to move that ...
Klaus's user avatar
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18 votes
1 answer
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Why were 4-byte integers chosen as the best way of storing individual trits within IOTA software?

update: Since this was posted, on Jun 11, an issue was opened by one of the IOTA Foundation developers to look into how to make the storage of trits use less memory. Although moving to a byte[] is not ...
user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
853 views

What smart contract language does IOTA use?

What smart contract language does IOTA use? Solidity?
Nathan Aw's user avatar
  • 143
3 votes
2 answers
1k views

Why is JINN Ternary?

I was just learning about skrmions and could not help but realize that they could produce a ternary state computer. But why is JINN in ternary? What are the benefits of this in the current current or ...
Tsangares's user avatar
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6 votes
2 answers
510 views

Why are three trits in a tryte?

What was the motivation behind making a tryte equal to three trits? Seems counter-intuitive that a byte contains more combinations than a tryte—at least from a semantical perspective.
shoe's user avatar
  • 251
4 votes
1 answer
305 views

What is a conflicting transaction?

The term is used many times on the whitepaper but I can't find a definition. What would be examples of a conflicting transaction? Extract form Whitepaper: The main idea of the tangle is the ...
user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
87 views

Can a smart contract make calls (e.g. web service calls) to outside of the network?

Will IOTA smart contracts be able to make calls to external web services or other APIs, or is it too early to tell?
user100487's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
236 views

Running Multiple Full Nodes on 1 Machine

When the potentially incentivized CarrIOTA Field nodes become a reality, is it possible (or does it make sense) to run multiple nodes on 1 machine? For example, spinning up a large cloud VM and then ...
Matt's user avatar
  • 399
1 vote
1 answer
71 views

How to save the bundle trytes to reattach after a snapshot? [closed]

How to save the bundle trytes to reattach it after a snapshot? How to do this using the JavaScript library?
Akkumulator's user avatar
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10 votes
1 answer
986 views

Why is the normalized hash considered insecure when containing the char 'M'

Looking at the code of the iota.lib.js' bundle creation mechanism, a normalized hash is computed and then checked for inclusion of 13 /* = M */. If one is found, the obsoleteTag is incremented, and ...
Akkumulator's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
116 views

When did iota devs adopt ternary over binary?

I read the Nov 30 posting , which was great. Just not clear when project became so aligned to ternary.
lutherfox1787's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
484 views

Where is the message in the transaction bundle?

I am working with the nodeJS lib. I made a transaction with an address, amount, message and tag as inferred from api.prototype.prepareTransfers in the JSlib. Then I looked up that transaction with api....
Chai's user avatar
  • 143
9 votes
1 answer
326 views

How are addresses calculated from the seed?

I was wondering how addresses are calculated from the seed. Specifically, I thought it was using the hash of the seed plus a nonce to create the address. But I would appreciate if someone could shed a ...
Dominik Harz's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
716 views

What are the maths to convert bytes <-> trytes?

I've heard that one byte contains as much data as "about 5 trits". However, I'm not entirely clear on how the conversion works. How do I convert binary data into balanced ternary (and vice versa)? ...
todofixthis's user avatar
  • 1,320
5 votes
2 answers
95 views

How much of my security is improved using other levels of security when generating the seed?

I had a hard time answering this question because I do not know how much security levels improve security in quantitative terms. Is this right? e.g. (Hashspace increment) 81 trits => 27^81 ^1 (low ...
Avelino's user avatar
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10 votes
8 answers
560 views

A receive address is made public for donations, how do I safely withdraw funds?

I have a receive address that I have given out to other people, both for payments and donations; After transferring the funds to a new address, someone has donated to the previous address. How can I ...
Matt Clark's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
1k views

If I increment the first tryte of Seed A to obtain Seed B, why does Seed B retain some of the spent addresses of Seed A in it's history?

According to this video when you take a Seed A (e.g. HIJK99) and increment the first tryte by one to obtain another Seed B (i.e. IIJK99), Seed B is associated to the transactions to Seed A.
hsbsid's user avatar
  • 235
8 votes
2 answers
1k views

What is JINN project?

I would like to know more about the JINN project. What is JINN? Why is it important to Iota? Where can I get more information about JINN?
Avelino's user avatar
  • 435
4 votes
4 answers
152 views

Will every IoT device will have their own wallet, own seed?

Will every IoT device will have their own wallet with their own seed, or how is this planned? What if every IoT device will have their own seed and so we run out of seeds? Is this possible? What if ...
brandart's user avatar
13 votes
3 answers
1k views

What information is leaked if I reuse an address?

Everyone knows that spending from an address multiple times is bad, because Winternitz OTS. But, what does that mean, exactly? What information is leaked in each signature, and how would an attacker ...
todofixthis's user avatar
  • 1,320
25 votes
1 answer
2k views

Is it possible to send pictures to the Tangle? What is the data limit per transaction?

As we all know, it is easily possible to convert ASCII to trytes. See this converter in the IOTA github: Converter If I now want to convert a whole picture like one of the Iota logo to trytes, how is ...
Tobi MZ's user avatar
  • 1,607
22 votes
3 answers
2k views

What is an IOTA "bundle"?

The IOTASear.ch tangle explorer allows searching for addresses, transactions and bundles. While the meaning of addresses and transactions seem clear to me, I am not aware of the purpose of bundles. ...
q9f's user avatar
  • 543
14 votes
1 answer
1k views

What is the IOTA transaction data structure?

I'm vaguely familiar with Bitcoin's UTXO-based transaction structure and Ethereum's account-based/gas-including transaction structure. What does an IOTA transaction contain?
Richard Horrocks's user avatar
28 votes
9 answers
2k views

How to generate a seed safely?

I am sceptical about online generators. How could I generate a IOTA seed safely offline? Does it need to be on a specific format?
Mahus's user avatar
  • 501
54 votes
2 answers
5k views

Why does IOTA use a ternary number system?

What are the benefits of the ternary number system over the more traditional binary number system? Are there drawbacks to ternary with respect to binary, aside from the obvious of less adoption?
dreid's user avatar
  • 1,102